Publisher's Note "Challenge and Change" is the story of civil rights activist C. T. Vivian. The title of this biography is the essence of the narrative which places in local color the developmental experiences that changed a once-bullied six year old boy from a scrappy aggressor to a peace maker. Challenged from the beginning of first grade when relocation from his native Missouri to Illinois made him an outsider, C. T.'s eventual and unexpected self-defense had a dramatic effect on his bullying peers. They changed from foes to followers as a newly confident C. T. became their leader and defender of the underdog on the playground and in the alleys of Macomb, Illinois. Defending others remained a lifelong habit. Fighting did not. C. T. discovered the disarming power of non-violence at age nine when a kid would not fight back. Many years later, C. T. could articulate what happened: "He won the fight; it was non-violence in action." "And," continued C. T., "It had a lasting effect on me."